5 




66*. 




instructor Literature Series— No* 51 2 



STORIES OF THE STATES 



INDIANA 



®y Harry M. Clem 




PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY 
F. A. OWEN PUB. CO., Dansville, N. Y. 
HALL & McCREARY, Chicago, 111. 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATURE SERIES 

Supplementary Readers and Five- Cent Classics 

A series of little books containing material needed for Supplementary 
Reading and Study. Classified &.nd Graded. Large type for lower grades. 

J^" This list is constantly being added to. If a substantial number of books are to be 
ordered, or if other titles than those shown here are desired , se nd for latest list. 

52 Story of Glass — Hanson 

53 Adventures of a Little Waterdrop 
— May tie 

135 I^ittle People of the Hills (Dry Air aud 
Dry Soil Plants^ — Chase 

203 Little Plant People of the Waterways— 
Chase 

133 Aunt Martha's Corner Cupboard — Part 

I. Story of Tea and the Teacup 

137 Aunt Martha's Corner Cupboard — Part 

II. Story of Sugar, Coffee and Salt. 

138 Aunt Martha's Corner Cupboard — Part 

III. Story of Rice, Currants and Honey 
History and Biography 

4 Story of Washington — Reiter 
7 Story of Longfellow— McCabe 
21 Story of the Pilgrims — Powers 
44 Famous Early Americans (Smith, Stan- 
dish, Peuu) — Bush 

54 Story of Columbus — McCabe 

55 Story of Whittier — McCabe 

57 Story, of Louisa M. Alcott— Bush 

58 Story'of Alice and Phoebe Cary— McFee 

59 Story of the Boston Tea Party -McCabe 

60 Children of the Northland — Bush 

62 Children of the South Lands, I (Florida, 
Cuba, Puerto Rico)— McFee 

63 Children of the South Lands, II (Africa 
Hawaii, The Philippines)— McFre 

64 Child Life in the Colonies— I (New 
Amsterdam ) — Baker 

65 Child Life in the Colonies — II (Pennsyl- 
vania) -Baker 

66 Child Life in the Colonies— III (Virgin- 
ia)— Baker 

68 Stories of the Revolution— I (Kthan 
Allen and the Green Mountain Boys ) 

69 Stories of the Revolution— II (Around 
Philadelphia) — McCabe 

70 Stories of the Revolution— III (Marion, 
the Swamp Fox)— McCabe 

132 Story of Franklin— Farts 

164 The Little Brown Baby and Other Babies 

165 Gemila, the Child of the Desert and 
Some of Her Sisters 

166 Louise on the Rhine and in Her New 
Home. (Nos. 164, 165, 166 are "Seven 
Little Sisters" by fane Andrc7vs) 

167 Famous Artists, I— Laudseer and Bou- 
heur. 

Literature 
35 Goody Two-Shoes 

67 Story of Robinson Crusoe — Bush 

71 Selections from Hiawatha (For 3rd, 4th, 
5th and 6th Grades) 

233 Poems Worth Knowing-Book I-Primary 

FOURTH YEAR 
Nature and Industry 

75 Story of Coal— McKane 

76 Story of Wheat— Halifax 

77 Story of Cotton— Brown 

134 Conquests of Little Plant People— Chase 
Continued on third cover 



FIRST YEAR 
Fables and Myths 

6 Fairy Stories of the Moon. — Maguire 

27 ^Fsop's Fables — Part I — Reiter 

28 ^Esop's Fables— Part II— Reiter 

29 Indian Myths — Bush 
140 Nursery Tales — Taylor 
Nature 

1 Little Plant People— Part 1— Chase 

2 Little Plant People— Part II— Chase 

30 Story of a Sunbeam — Miller 

31 Kitty Mittens and Her Friends— Chase 
History 

32 Patriotic Stories (Story of the Flag, 

Story of Washington, etc.) — Reiter 
Literature 

104 Mother Goose Reader 
228 First Term Primer — Maguire 
230 Rhyme and Jingle Reader for Beginners 

SECOND YEAR 
Fables and Myths 

33 Stories from Andersen — Taylor 

34 Stories from Grimm — Taylor 

36 Little Red Riding Hood— Reiter 

37 Jack and the Beanstalk — Reiter 

38 Adventures of a Brownie — Reiter 
Nature 

3 Little Workers (Animal Stories')— Chase 

39 Little Wood Friends — Mayne 

40 Wings and Stings — Halifax 

41 Story of Wool — Mayne 

42 Bird Stories from the Poets— follie 
History and Biography 

43 Story of the Mayflower — McCabe 

45 Boyhood of Washington — Reiter 
204 Boyhood of Lincoln — Reiter 
Literature and Art 

72 Bow- Wow and Mew-Mew — Craik 
152 Child's Garden of Verses — Stevenson 
206 Picture Study Stories for Little Children 

— Cranston 
220 Story of the Christ Child— Hushower 
290 Fuzz in Japan— A Child-Life Reader — 
Maguire 

THIRD YEAR 
Fables and Myths 

46 Puss in Boots and Cinderella — Reiter 

47 Greek Mvths — Klingensmith 

48 Nature Myths— Metcalfe 

50 Reynard the Fox — Best 

102 Thumbelina and Dream Stories — Reiter 
146 Sleeping Beautv and Other Stories 

174 Sun Myths— Reiter 

175 Norse Legends I— Reiter 
i76 Norse Legends, II — Reiter 

177 Legends of the Rhiuelaud— McCabe 

282 Siegfried, the Lorelei and Other Rhine 

Legends — McCabe 
Nature and Industry 

49 Buds, Stems and Fruits — Mayne 

51 Storv of Flax— Mavve 



August. 1913. 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATURE SERIES 



The Story of Indiana 



By Harry M. Clem 

Teacher of Geography and History in the John Marshall 
High School, Chicago ; Formerly Teacher of Geog- 
raphy in the Indiana State Normal School. 



PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY 

F. A. OWEN PUB. CO., DANSVILLE, N. Y. 



HALL & MCCREARY, CHICAGO, ILL. 



Copyright, 1913, by F. A. Owen Publishing Company 



rszto 




'CU35787S 

2*4/ 



The Story of Indiana 

From thy gates came men of fame, 
Proud the nation is to claim. 

Glorious Indiana! 
Great in story and in song, 
Placing right against the wrong, 
Noble sons and daughters pure 
Make thy future promise sure, 

Indiana, O Indiana! 

We sing to thee alone. 
— From the song, "Indiana," by C. W. Harlan, 

Warsaw, Ind. By permission. 

The story of Indiana has its beginning millions of years 
before man came upon the earth and left a record of his 
deeds upon monuments, stone tablets and parchments. 
Yet we have not a man-written record of what happened 
in those almost inconceivably distant times while the earth 
was in the making. Nature is the author who wrote down 
what happened as the years were counted off in tens of 
millions, not in scores, as is done by man. The pages of 
her book are the great beds of rock that extend in wide 
layers beneath the surface of our state, the oldest pages 
underneath, the latest above. The letters and words of 
her book are the fossils of plants and animals that lived 
at different periods in the past and were buried in the 
muds of the sea floor which in time hardened into rock. 
Men of science, after long study, have learned to read 
the pages of Nature's book and have told us the story of 
what Indiana was long, long before man appeared to 
write down his own history. 



4 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

A hundred million years ago, so we are told by those 
who know, the country of which Indiana is a part was 
dry land, with rivers flowing over it to some distant sea. 
Then there came a change. The land began to sink and 
in time all of that country was covered with sea water. 
Had you lived in those far-away days, you could have 
sailed in a ship on a dreary, silent sea above Indiana and 
her sister states and have seen no dry land. Had you 
stopped to drag a seine through the sea water or to dive 
to the sea bed, you would have found several kinds of 
little shell-covered sea animals, some with many sharp 
spines, some resembling the cray-fish, but you could have 
found no fish, because the day of the fish had not yet 
arrived. 

The clock of time ticked off the years by thousands 
and even millions, and all the while great changes were 
occurring in Indiana. The sea bottom began to rise and 
continued doing so until a large portion of what is now 
the eastern part of our state was dry land— a large, low 
island in a wide, shallow sea. One could have gone dry- 
shod over the country where Cincinnati, Richmond, 
Muncie, and Logansport now stand, but the northern and 
the southwestern parts of the states were still under water. 
The land became green with vegetation, but plants of the 
fern and moss variety were the only ones to be found, for 
Nature had not yet invented trees like our oak, maple 
and elm, or plants that produce flowers and fruit. Grass- 
hoppers, crickets and may-flies might have been seen, 
but there were no birds, frogs, and large animals. In the 
sea were corals and shelled animals but above them darted 
a wonderful new form of life. It was the fish, a great im- 
provement over the shelled animals, for it was long and 
slender, was clad with a pliable covering of scale-like skin 
and had fins that enabled it to dart through the water. 

The change continued, for the earth is always chang- 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 5 

ing, and nearly all the state became dry land. In the 
southwest there were great swamps and morasses, and in 
them there grew great plants, some of them large trees. 
When these plants died and fell down into the bottom of 
the swamps, they were buried in the mud and made the 
coal that we now dig from the rocks of Indiana. Along 
the margins of the swamps one might have seen a sort 
of reptile that resembled a salamander; a little animal 
that was learning to live out of the water a part of the 
time— a new idea in that ancient world. There were as 
yet no snakes, no birds, no four-footed animals, like the 
horse, fox or bear. The earth was green, but there were 
yet no flowers, no fruits, no trees like the elm and oak. 
All of these things were yet to come, for it still was to be 
millions of years before Indiana would look as it does 
today. Had Father Time written down all that occurred 
in Indiana, he would have had a long and wonderful 
story for us to read. It would have told how the reptiles 
spread over the earth, how certain of the reptiles gained 
feathers and wings and a musical voice and became birds 
that flitted through the air ; how the four-footed animals, 
like the panther, dog and cat, squirrel, mouse and rabbit, 
the horse, tapir and mastodon began to appear and make 
their homes in the forests, where the trees began to look 
like those in our own forests, and where fruits and flow- 
ers were to be found in abundance. 

While he was writing this wonderful story of unfold- 
ing life in a warm climate, Father Time would have noted 
that the air was growing chill and cold and that the snow 
did not melt even in the summer. The unending cold 
was a portent of a wonderful event in North America, 
the coming of an Age of Glaciation. A great sheet of 
snow and ice formed in Canada and extended southward 
until all but the southern part of Indiana, once warm and 
forest clad, was covered with a great sheet of hard ice. 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 




Had you stood upon a hill in Brown county and had eyes 
of telescopic power, you could have looked far over the 
great white sheet of ice to the east, north and west. 

Had you been 
high enough 
you could have 
looked north- 
ward to the Arc- 
tic Ocean over 
an immense 
sheet of ice 
which must 
have been two 
miles deep over 
central Canada. 
Turning your 
face southward, 
you would have 
seen no glacial 
ice, for the gla- 
cier did not 
cover that part 
of the state. 
You might have 
seen vegetation 
and animals of the Arctic lands living in that part of the 
state, for the glacier drove plants and animals before it as 
it moved southward. It is really a marvelous thing that 
so much of our country was once covered with a great ice 
cap, heavy and hard, where now we see forests, fields 
and cities. 

In time the ice melted away because the climate grew 
warm again. The glacier left the surface of the state 
nearly level, but in it were many depressions where now 
we find the little blue lakes and the many miles of swamps 



fe OAirri. £a 



TERfif/VAL AnoRAifiiC 



Map Showing Glacial Area in North America 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 7 

and bogs. Rivers began to flow, vegetation covered the 
surface, exchanging cheerful green for chilly white, and* 
the animals came from the south and dwelt once more 
within our state. Huge elephants may have browsed on 
the hills or waded in the "plashy prairies," and a great 
sloth, the horse, wild hogs, deer, bear, buffalo, puma, 
wildcat, and many similar animals roved through the 
forests. "Millions of wings flickered where waterfowl 
whirled above the lakes, ponds and streams, intent upon 
taking the fishes, reptiles and aquatic insects with which 
the water teemed. Song birds, too, were everywhere in 
the woods, making a great sweet tumult of voices in' all 
the groves and thickets." 

That is the story of Indiana read out of the great Book 
of Nature. It describes the process by which the country 
became the stage upon which man entered and began his 
play. As you read you should try to imagine the great 
background of the story, the plains, hills, rivers, lakes, 
and forests, and the wild animals, for men play their daily 
life before Nature's background just as the actor gives 
his play before painted scenery. You might even imagine 
yourself present among the people of the bygone days or 
even as taking part with them, for then you will like the 
story better. You will see how the actors upon the stage 
change from time to time, you will see more plainly how 
the Mound Builders, Indians, Frenchmen, pioneers, and 
men of the present day entered in turn, played their part, 
and yielded the stage to others. 

The First Men 

Where did the first human inhabitants come from and 
when did they come ? Nobody knows and probably no- 
body will ever know. We do know, however, that men 
lived in Indiana long ago, long before the little ships of 
Columbus touched our island shores, for they built a great 



8 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

many mounds along the rivers of Indiana and these 
mounds are very old. 

They built the mounds along the branches of streams 
in the southern part of the state. They preferred to place 
them upon the high ground, probably for protection from 
floods, for guides for friends, or for burial mounds and 
worshiping places. The mounds are piles of earth of 
various shapes. Some were cones as high as ninety feet; 
some were pyramids with flat tops ; some were long and 
winding like a wall and very low. How these strange 
people built these mounds, we do not know, and why, 
we can only guess. 

From these curious mounds we dig the skeletons of 
the Mound Builders, pottery, stone arrow and spear- 
heads, axes, and some weapons of copper. They wrote 
no books, and no Indians of today remember their tradi- 
tions- We must depend upon our imagination for a pic- 
ture of the appearance of these ancient people, who may 
have been the forefathers of the red Indians whom La- 
Salle found when he came to Indiana. 

We may imagine that they lived in tribes scattered over 
the state, that they wandered along the streams and 
through the forests for their food or farmed little patches 
of ground near their mounds. They must have fought 
battles and hunted wild animals, for they had stone and 
copper weapons, and they may have used the mounds to 
fight from. We may imagine also that they lighted beacon 
fires upon the summits of the mounds to guide their 
friends and allies through the forests. We do not know 
how the children looked or played or quarreled ; how the 
young men practiced deeds of valor or made love to the 
mound-maidens; how the old men and women sat about 
the dwelling on or near the mounds and counseled the 
young, or told stories of days long past and waited to take 
their last journey to some happy land. We can only sur- 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 




An Ancient Mound 



mise that they were human and lived somewhat as their 
children, the Indians, did. History tells us nothing more 
and they vanish from our view. From the setting of the 
stage we have tried to judge of the life of the actors. 

The "wild Indians" or Red men of the forest, who are 
the next people to en- 
ter upon the stage, and 
of whom we read in the 
stories of great explor- 
ers and hunters and in 
the history of the pio- 
neers, are, of course, 
well known. They held 
the country even be- 
fore Columbus touched 
our coasts. Our early 

history is woven in with theirs, and for that reason we 
shall hear much of them as we read the story of the 
white men in Indiana, who deprived them of their hunt- 
ing grounds and drove them toward the setting sun. 

The First White Men 

Who was the first white man to visit Indiana ? Again 
we must say that we do noUknow and never can, but we 
do know that a young schoolmaster of France, Robert 
Cavelier Sieur de La Salle, was the first white man who 
left a record of his visit to our state. He did not relish 
the task of teaching school all his life. Was it because 
he preferred to deal with Indians rather than French 
school boys ? The spirit of the adventurer rather than 
the pedagogue was in his blood and he longed to explore 
the vast wilds of America and to deal in furs. He came 
to Montreal in 1666, at the age of twenty-three. There 
he met the fur traders who roved for hundreds of miles 
through the forests and he became acquainted with the 



10 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

Indians. In two or three years he had learned seven or 
eight Indian tongues. He gathered Indians and white 
men about him and with them took journeys hundreds of 
miles long through the wilderness. 

In La Salle's time, you should remember, the country 
was new. Great forests stretched all over the state as 
far west as Illinois, where the prairies began and ex- 
tended westward far beyond the Mississippi. The Great 
Lakes, exposing their thousands of miles of blue surface 
to the sunshine, bore no large vessels, and only a few 
Indian canoes paddled along their pebbly beaches. A few 
Indian villages rested beneath the forests growing on 
the shores of the lakes, but thousands of people could 
have lived where tens were existing. The long rivers 
ran through silent forests, silent except for the song of 
birds, the croak of frogs and the calls of the animals, and 
only here and there could you have seen the canoes of 
the Indian floating on their placid waters which reflected 
the image of the great trees bowing their heads together 
above them. 

One could have traveled for days and seen no human 
inhabitant, but game animals were abundant, according 
to old stories. Fur traders made fortunes out of the furs 
that were gathered from forest and stream and sent to 
Europe to adorn the wealthy people of that distant land. 
Among the fur-bearing animals were otter, mink, beaver, 
sable and raccoon. There were many other animals such 
as bears, deer, wolves, foxes, wildcats, pumas, lynxes, 
coyotes, buffaloes and many smaller animals. Buffaloes 
in Indiana! Buffaloes wading through the prairie 
grasses, standing in the streams, resting under the forest 
trees and whisking flies from their backs, going in long 
processions across the state to the salt licks of Kentucky, 
where thousands of them tramped the ground bare of all 
vegetation— that is a picture of early Indiana. The 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 11 

buffalo made Indiana's first roads— the "buffalo trails" — 
and then went westward with the Indian. 

This was the kind of Indiana that La Salle found. His 
first visit to the state probably was in the northwest. He 
built the first large boat on Niagara River above the 
falls, and with a party of white men and Indians he sailed 
up Lake Erie and Lake Huron and across Lake Michigan 
to Green Bay, Wisconsin. Here he sent his large boat 
back, loaded with furs, and with thirty-three men in 
eight canoes, he coasted southward and eastward about 
the lake until he reached the mouth of the St. Joseph 
river. A little above its mouth he built Ft. Miamis. He 
wanted to carry his boats from the St. Joseph across land 
to the Kankakee River, and from thence go westward to 
the Mississippi. His party could not find the portage 
place and to assist them La Salle went alone to search the 
woods. Hours passed and he did not return. His com- 
panions fired guns and sent men out to scour the coun- 
try, but La Salle was not to be found. That night they 
sat muffled in their blankets, which were powdered by 
falling snow, and sadly wondered what could have be- 
fallen their brave leader. They searched for him the 
next day, but did not find him. About four o'clock that 
evening they saw him approaching the river, his face 
and hands blackened with charcoal, carrying two opos- 
sums which hung from his belt. It had happened that La 
Salle had lost his way while returning to camp and had 
to go around a marsh in a snow storm. He walked all 
the rest of the day and until two o'clock in the morning 
before he reached the river. He fired his gun, but heard 
no answering shot from his friends. Walking along the 
river he saw the gleam of a campf ire through the thickets. 
He found no human being there, but a bed of dry leaves 
still warm as if some one had just been sleeping therein. 
La Salle called out in several Indian languages, but the 



12 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

owner did not come. He coolly took possession of the 
camp, rekindled the fire, built a barricade of bushes about 
the spot and went to sleep. While he slept soundly from 
his weariness the smoke from the resinous pine wood 
blackened his hands and face. 

The next day La Salle's men shouldered their canoes 
and made ' 'portage," as they called it, over a desolate 
plain covered with snow and strewn with skulls and bones 
of buffaloes. Reaching an oozy spot where the soil quaked 
beneath their feet, they soon found a narrow, "dark and 
lazy current * * twisting like a snake among the 
weeds and rushes." This stream was the noted Kanka- 
kee, which flowed to the Illinois River. After" a few days 
they reached the prairie lands of Illinois. They could 
see miles of burned-over prairie strewn with the carcasses 
and bones of buffaloes. In the distance they could see the 
campf ires of the Indians at night, but they saw no human 
beings near the stream and could buy nothing to eat, nor 
could they kill any game. Fortune, however, came to 
assist them, for one day they found a large buffalo fast 
mired in the mud. They killed him, and twelve men 
dragged him from the mire and satisfied their hunger. 

But here we must leave La Salle and his interesting ad- 
ventures. He made a journey up the Wabash River past 
Fort Wayne and probably conferred with Indians in 
various places in the state, but the chief thing of interest 
about his story is that he gave us the first knowledge of 

Indiana. 

Foreign Rulers of Indiana 

Did it ever occur to you that Indiana has been ruled by 
kings, that the kings of Europe were interested in ac- 
quiring territory in America, encouraged their subjects 
to make settlements and to trade, sent their soldiers over 
to fight their enemies, and induced the poor Indians to 
engage in their quarrels and fight their battles ? Such, 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 13 

however, is the truth, and European kings influenced 
Indiana history until within a century ago. 

The French were the first people to claim Indiana, and 
to hold it they built trading posts and forts. There were 
three important posts. The oldest, Quiatanon, near La 
Fayette, was founded in 1720. Vincennes was next 
founded and after that Ft. Wayne. All three of these 
posts were located along rivers, for the rivers were used 
as highways. These little posts were very simple places. 
A visitor there would have found a fort with a few houses 
about it, and all inside of a stockade or wooden wall. A 
few Indians might be camped outside. Very little food 
was raised in the gardens of the settlers, for most of the 
occupants were soldiers, hunters, and traders. The good 
priests of the posts were important persons, for they en- 
dured great hardships in order to help the Indians. They 
built little log churches and hung up the wooden cross 
and endeavored to induce the Indians to live good lives. 
They had little success, for the white men gave the 
Indians whisky and rum, which brutalized them and led 
them into gambling, quarrels, fights, murder and war- 
fare. Denonville, as early as 1690, could say of the effect 
of liquor upon the Indians: ''I have witnessed the evils 
caused by liquor among the Indians. It is the horror of 
horrors. There is no crime nor infamy that they do not 
perpetrate in their excesses." More than one hundred 
years later William Henry Harrison could say on the same 
subject: "You are witnesses to the abuses; you have 
seen towns crowded with furious and drunken savages ; 
our streets flowing with blood; their arms and clothing 
bartered for liquor which destroys them ; and their mis- 
erable women enduring all the extremities of cold and 
hunger. So destructive has the progress of intemperance 
been among them, that whole villages have been swept 
away." 



14 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

Had the white man been kind to the Indian and not 
given him "fire water" to drink, there would have been 
less bloodshed in Indiana, and fewer early settlers would 
have lost their lives and homes. The white man was to 
blame, because he induced the Indian to fight his wars, 
buy his goods, and drink his vile whisky. 

All the time that the French were holding the Indiana 
country the English were endeavoring to take it from 
them. After the French and Indian war was fought, the 
French had to yield all their possessions in America to 
the British, and now the English king held the rule in 
Indiana. 

The British agents had control of the Indians. Hamil- 
ton was their chief leader, a man more cruel and barba- 
rous than the Indians themselves. While the Americans 
in the East were fighting in the Revolution for their in- 
dependence, a few desperate white men in the West in- 
duced the Indians to try to kill all of the few American 
settlers that could be found. Hamilton offered a reward 
of one pound in English money (now about $4.87) for 
each scalp of a woman or child, or for them as prisoners, 
and three pounds for the scalp of a man. The white 
villains who led the Indians were more cruel and inhuman 
than the Indians themselves. After killing or capturing 
all they could, not listening to the cry of either children 
or gray-haired women, they burned the homes of all who 
were not friendly to the English. 

Such a terrible condition could not go on. A noble 
champion came to the rescue of the settlers. He was 
George Rogers Clark, the greatest hero in the early his- 
tory of Indiana. He came to Kentucky in 1775 and later 
made his home there. He secured permission from Vir- 
ginia to lead a little body of men against the posts and 
to put a stop to the cruelty of the Indians and their in- 
human white leaders. His men were volunteer back- 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 15 

woodsmen, clad in buckskin and armed with their own 
flint-lock rifles and tomahawks. Loyalty to their leader, 
Clark, and hatred for the Indians and English spurred 
them to the great deeds they were to do. They started 
in boats down the Ohio near where Louisville now stands, 
shot the rapids, escaped the spies, and in four days and 
nights reached the mouth of the Tennessee River. Then 
they marched northwest across the country to take Kas- 
kaskia. They broke into the fort at night, captured the 
governor asleep in his bed, and in fifteen minutes had 
the streets blockaded. The town was captured without 
bloodshed. The story is even told that Clark and his 
men went quietly to a hall where a dance was being held, 
and looked in at the door upon the dancers. The gay 
Creoles, both men and girls, were greatly surprised when 
they saw Clark and his men gazing at them. They were 
told to dance on, but under the flag of Virginia, not that 
of Great Britain. Clark made friends of the inhabitants 
of the town and surrounding country. 

Still another post was to be taken. It was Vincennes. 
Hamilton, who was at Vincennes, had engaged 400 
Indians and 100 white men to help him hold the other 
posts and recapture Kaskaskia. Clark did not know that 
Hamilton was near when he started out to capture Vin- 
cennes. He had a large boat, called a "gaily," built 
upon the Mississippi. It carried two small cannon, am- 
munition and supplies, and forty-six men. It was to go 
down the Mississippi and up the Ohio and Wabash to 
Vincennes to meet Clark, who was to lead a couple of 
hundred soldiers over land. The brave little army had 
only a few horses, no wagons, and no tents, and had to 
travel 160 miles in February. It rained constantly, and 
the men had no shelter nor any suitable place to rest or 
cook in. Cold, wet, and hungry, they marched for a 
week over plains covered with water. At last they came 



16 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

to the Little Wabash, which was badly swollen. The 
men did not hesitate. They built a boat to carry baggage, 
and the horses and men waded or swam across in the 
cold water. Clark ordered any who would not cross to 
be shot, but nobody refused. The suffering of some of 
the weakened men was terrible, but all finally got across. 
To encourage his men at one place where the water was 
deep and swift, Clark set a little Irish drummer upon the 
shoulders of a six-foot Virginia sergeant, and ordered an 
advance with the drummer beating the charge from his 
lofty perch, while Clark, sword in hand, gave the com- 
mand to march. Amused at the game, his men lifted 
their guns above their heads and made their way across 
to dry land. 

The men were famished, but no game was obtainable. 
Finally they saw a canoe paddled by Indian squaws com- 
ing up the river, and, capturing the boat, they found some 
buffalo meat, corn, tallow, kettles, etc. This great prize 
saved the day. 

Going on for several more days through swamp and 
river— cold, hungry and fatigued they came within sight 
of Vincennes. The little boat had not yet arrived to help 
them and they were in very great danger, but Clark was 
brave, even daring, and formed his plans. He sent a note 
to the town telling all who were friendly to stay in their 
homes. Then he so marched his men behind low ridges 
that their banners seemed to show the people in the fort 
that he had a large army. That night they attacked the 
fort, firing from behind trees, palings and huts with such 
deadly aim that no Britisher could point and fire the 
cannon in the blockhouses. In the morning the fort was 
captured, Hamilton was conquered, and all the middle 
West was taken from the British, a glorious victory for 
Clark and his backwoods soldiers. There is, however, 
one sad sentence yet to write in this story. Though 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 17 

Clark gave the United States so much land, it permitted 
him to reach a desolate old age and die in poverty. 

The Pioneer Settlers 

A new chapter begins now in the story of Indiana. The 
Revolution is over and tens of thousands of settlers begin 
to pour over the mountains into the country along the 
Ohio, the Wabash and the Mississippi. The fur-bearing 
animals are growing scarce, the British and French have 
withdrawn, the Indians are still present, but they in a 
short time will follow the buffalo toward the setting sun. 
The story is now one of busy settlement, of clearing 
forests, planting fields, building roads and cities. While 
such stories do not interest some of us as do those of 
warfare and exploration, this story should be interesting 
simply because so many thousands of people were all at 
once engaged in settlement. The boy or girl who has 
seen grasshoppers or army worms invade a meadow or 
corn field may imagine that the pioneers came almost as 
thickly into the forests, which soon fell under the blows 
of their axes and melted into the air in the great bonfires 
in their clearings. 

They came walking, for hundreds of miles to the new 
country ; they came in wagons, pulled by horses or oxen ; 
they drifted down the rivers toward the setting sun in 
hastily built boats; they came in any fashion that they 
could afford— but they came. 

Sometimes one family occupied more than one wagon 
with their household goods and their implements, while 
extra horses, colts, cattle, sheep and sometimes hogs were 
led or driven behind. Sometimes several families came 
in a long, busy, noisy procession. Now and then there 
would be an old-fashioned carriage, set upon high wheels 
to go safely over stumps and through streams. The older 
women and children occupied these carriages. They 



18 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 



must have made a strange picture as they went bumping 
up and down upon the great leather springs as the car- 
riage wheels ran over logs or slipped into ruts in the 
road. Such a trip was not taken lightly. It was almost 
as great an undertaking for our great-grandfathers to come 




A Pioneer Cabin in Brown County 

West among the Indians, forests, and malaria as it would 
be now for you and me to pack our trunks and go to cen- 
tral Africa. "It was surely no holiday jaunt. Only the 
brave started, and only the brave got through." Most of 
the people were young, newly-married couples with more 
hope than experience, but occasionally large families 
came. When a family had decided to go to the frontier, 
their departure meant a long farewell and occasioned 
many a heartache. When the day of departure came, the 
kinsfolk and neighbors assembled, prayers were offered, 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 19 

hymns were sung, and a last goodbye was said before the 
wagon creaked off over the trail to the West. 

The time in which to make the journey was long and 
much hardship was often experienced. The people camped 
under the stars. Occasionally some were surprised by 
skulking Indians and murdered and scalped by their own 
campfires. The howl of wolves could be heard about the 
camps, but they did little harm except when they killed 
the settlers' cattle or pigs. Game was plentiful in the 
forest and fruit was abundant, saving the emigrants from 
starvation on the way. 

The first settlers made their homes in the southern part 
of Indiana. Some came across the Cumberland Gap and 
through Kentucky into the state, while others crossed the 
mountains and came to Pittsburg, where they floated in 
boats down the Ohio until the borders of the state were 
reached. Leaving the larger boats, the families paddled 
up some little stream or walked inland and found the 
place they liked for a home. They looked for good soil 
and a spring or a place where a shallow well could be 
dug. Often farms were located because of the presence 
of a good spring. The hills were settled before the river 
bottoms, because they were dryer and more healthful. 
When the place for the home was selected, the settlers 
proceeded to build a house or "Hoosier Nest" and clear 
a patch of ground to raise food for the family. 

We might illustrate pioneer life by the story of one of 
them who came to Indiana in the early days. A young 
man, Jacob Bower, walked all alone from central Penn- 
sylvania to select a farm in the forests of northern Indiana. 
He bought 160 acres of land along a creek for $1.25 an 
acre and, securing his claim, he walked back to Pennsyl- 
vania, to return with his wife and child in a wagon. He 
at once built a cabin of logs, such as can still be seen in 
Indiana, and warmed it by a great fireplace built of sticks 



20 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

and mud. He cleared a little patch of ground and planted 
corn, beans and potatoes so that his family might not 
starve. They gathered fruit from the forest and killed 
deer and other game for food. Bears, foxes, deer, and 
wolves were very plentiful, for his neighbors were miles 
away in the forest. Many a time the children heard the 
wolves howling at night about the stable, cow pens, and 
pigsties, which had to be tightly built. They even could 
look through the chinks of their cabin and see the bright 
eyes of the wolves luminous in the dark, and their ears 
were often startled by the fierce cry of a wildcat. The 
farmer always carried a torch when he came home at 
night, to keep the wolves at bay. The Indians had gone 
away a few years before, and therefore there was no dan- 
ger from them. He had to make most of the things he 
used in the home or on the farm. He was his own cob- 
bler, blacksmith, carpenter, and butcher, and his wife 
spun and wove the "linsey woolsey," linen garments, 
sheets, blankets, etc. He had to drive his hogs to mar- 
ket twenty miles away and he received very little money 
for them. Like some of his fellow settlers, he often did 
not handle fifty dollars a year in cash. Many farmers 
drove their hogs even fifty or sixty or more miles to mar- 
ket, but corn was not hauled far, for it could not be sold. 
It was too heavy to ship in those days unless it was made 
into whisky, which, strange to say, too many pioneers 
relished better than the corn in the form of pone, mush, 
and "dodgers." It took Bower two days to go to mill 
and return. Sometimes the roads were so bad that he 
could not haul more than ten or fifteen bushels of grain 
in one load. 

For this pioneer family there was hard work, but with 
it good appetites and healthful sleep. Their evenings in 
winter were pleasant and appreciated. A great fireplace, 
that burned logs as large as two men could carry, made a 




THE STORY OF INDIANA 21 

cheery crackle and glow while the cold wind whistled 
through the clearings and about the corners of the house. 
The glow from the fireplace showed rows of dried beef 
and strings of dried apples, peppers, and herbs along the 
wall. While nuts roasted and apples 
baked in the hot ashes, or corn popped, 
the older members told stories of Indi- 
ans, bears, and "painters," or panthers, 
that made the eyes of the youngsters 
"bulge out" in deep interest. An oc- 
casional guest brought news of the out- 
side world that was heard with breath- 
less interest, and the itinerant preacher Tecumseh 
gave them a religious treat. Sometimes 
some one was sick and an herb, or ■ 'yarb doctor, " or a reg- 
ular doctor was called. The doctor carried calomel, jalap, 
castor-oil, salts, and a lancet, among other things. He 
would give calomel or oil and lance a vein to draw blood, 
or put on a mustard poultice that made the tough little 
youngsters think that they were hugging, by mistake, a 
red-hot stove lid. Malaria or "ager" was one of the 
most common diseases, because mosquitoes bred in mil- 
lions in the swamps. Smallpox was a common scourge 
that left its victims dead or with horribly disfigured faces. 

In spite of all these hardships the members of the 
pioneer families lived long and useful lives, clearing 
up the country and making it comfortable for the people 
who live in the state at present. 

In addition to the hardships of labor and disease that 
the sturdy pioneers endured, many of them had to protect 
themselves against the Indians. Their cabins often had 
port-holes from which they might shoot at the enemy. 
Farmers carried their rifles to the fields and stood them 
where they could seize them at any instant. Children 
were cautioned to stay near the cabin to avoid being stolen 



22 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 



by lurking Indians. The greatest danger was experienced 
from 1810 to 1812, for at that time a great Indian chief 
and warrior, Tecumseh, stirred the Indians to extermi- 
nate all the white settlers. He saw that the white men 
were taking all their lands; were giving whisky to the 
warriors, making them like old women who could not 
fight ; and would soon drive 
his people in disgrace from 
the graves of their fathers. 
His brother, Lolawawchi- 
cka, a prophet who de- 
clared that the Great Spirit 
had made him bullet proof, 
assisted Tecumseh by 
preaching sermons to in- 
flame the savages with 
intense hatred for these 
white invaders. Finally, 
in 1811, General William H. 
Harrison, governor of the 
territory, met the Indians 
with a small force at Tippe- 
canoe. A desperate battle 
was fought on the morning 
of the 7th of November 

and Tecumseh and his warriors were hopelessly defeated 
and the power of the Indians was destroyed. Here and 
there, however, small bands of Indian marauders still at- 
tacked the settlers, destroying their lives and property. 

The Government of Indiana 

For a long time after La Salle visited our portion of the 
country, Indiana was governed, or we might say mis- 
governed, by rulers living in Europe. The French, as we 
have said before, ruled it at first. Then the English se- 




The Last of the Tribe 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 23 

cured control of it until George Rogers Clark bravely 
wrested it from them. After the Revolution was fought 
and independence was won, all the region which is now 
comprised in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wis- 
consin was claimed by the United States and called the 
Northwest Territory. What should be done with this 
large territory was an interesting question. Thomas Jef- 
ferson wanted to divide it into five states and call them 
Sherronesus, Metropotamia, Assenisippia, Polypotamia, 
and Pelisipia, but his plan failed. Such names smelled 
too much of the lamp and libraries for the simple pioneers 
who knew more about the smell of gunpowder and the 
smoke of the clearings, and said "Illini" and "Injanny. " 

In 1787 Congress provided a gov- 
ernment and in 1800 William Henry 
Harrison was made the first gover- 
nor. His capital was Vincennes, 
which, though seventy-three years 
old, was still a little backwoods vil- 
lage. About 1500 people lived in and 
about the new capital. In all the re- 
mainder of his great domain of forests 
and prairies there were only about 
4000 white settlers, of whom 2500 William Henry Harriso " 
lived in Indiana. 

Had the governor wanted to visit his people, he would 
have had to travel through forests or prairies over Indian 
trails or on the rivers, and his journeys would have been 
hard and slow. To reach Mackinaw, in far northern 
Michigan, he would have had to travel over 500 miles, 
and there he would have found only 251 citizens. About 
175 miles westward and across Lake Michigan he would 
have found the settlement of Green Bay, where he could 
have quickly shaken hands with all the people, because 
they numbered only fifty. Another long trip across land 




24 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

to the upper Mississippi would have taken him to Prairie 
du Chien, but there he would have found only sixty-five 
residents. Had he gone westward from Vincennes by an 
Indian trail for about 160 miles, he would have arrived at 
Kaskaskia, where 467 people could have greeted him. 
Going a short distance northward he would have found 
Cahokia, which boasted a population of 719. A journey 
eastward of about one hundred miles by Indian trail or a 
trip by boat down the Wabash and up the Ohio would 
have brought him near New Albany, where he would have 
met 1000 future Hoosiers. Having made these visits he 
would have seen nearly all of the scattered settlements. 

In the great gaps between the settlements the inhabi- 
tants were wild animals and Indians. Chicago, now the 
fifth largest city in the world, was not to be founded for 
thirty-four years. Indianapolis, Logansport, Richmond, 
and in fact nearly all the cities and villages were not yet 
even dreamed of. What a wonderful change has been 
wrought in Governor Harrison's domains in 113 years! 
In his territory the governors of five great progressive 
states minister to over 18,000,000 people, scattered over 
rich farms where once stretched the prairies and great 
forests, or collected in cities, great and small, where a 
century ago the Indian camp lay or only bears and wolves 
roamed. In no other country in the world has there been 
in so short a time such a rapid and wonderful transforma- 
tion as occurred in the Northwest Territory and the region 
just across the Ohio and the Mississippi. While the 
young governor, later to become president, ruled over 
this immense territory, the settlers whom we have de- 
scribed came in great numbers. The population soon in- 
creased so much that the great territory was made into 
five smaller territories, of which Indiana was one. 

Corydon, in Harrison County, became the new capital 
of the territory of Indiana (1813), with Thomas Posey as 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 



25 



the governor, and it was the principal "city" of the ter- 
ritory. It was only a village, but here the legislature, 
clad in deerskins, came to debate matters of state and to 
gain experience in governing themselves. 

In 1815 there were 16,000 people in the territory, scat- 
tered along the rivers and along the hills and valleys of 
the southern counties. The people now wanted Indiana 
to become a state. A constitution must therefore be 
written, and 



^.mMMmfi^WS 1 ^ 









for this pur- 
pose they call- 
ed a conven- 
tion to meet 
at Corydon. 
When the del- 
egates met in 
June, they 
found the 
weather as hot 
as in the torrid 
zone. It was 
too warm to sit 
indoors, and 
for the sake of 
comfort thev The old State House at Cor y don ' Indiana 

met outside under the shade of a huge elm tree. That 
immense old tree is still standing, and it will be pointed 
out to you if you will visit Corydon. 

It was a most excellent constitution that was written be- 
neath that historic old elm. It was fifty years ahead of 
the times, it was so liberal. For one thing, it founded 
the first free graded school system, such as we have now, 
so that a boy or girl might start in the first grade, pass 
through all the grades, go through high school, and finally 
through the university. Then, too, it provided that the 



26 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

state should found asylums for the unfortunate, and that 
when punishment was given for crime it should be for 
the purpose of making the criminal better, not of taking 
vengeance upon him. It took nearly seventy-five years 
for us to carry out some of the ideals of those pioneer 
lawmakers. Jonathan Jennings, a popular young man of 
noble character, was elected as the first governor. On 
November 4th, 1816, the first General Assembly met. It 
was composed of ten senators and twenty-nine representa- 
tives, — a very small legislature, but the men were con- 
sidered among the best of the state. 

While the constitution was being written the new state 
house was being built. It was no larger than many graded 
school buildings in the small towns of Indiana, but it was 
large enough for its purpose. ' It is difficult for us, who 
have seen the Capitol building in Indianapolis and watched 
the busy life in that great city, to imagine how simple the 
life of this village capital a century ago must have been. 
We may gain some notion of how the people acted from 
the following description of those who came to the county 
seats : 

"Thither flocked the men of the 
county upon all great occasions, to the 
trials and to the musters. They brought 
with them their own food in their wag- 
ons or on saddle-bags, and sought shel- 
ter in the court-house or under the great 
trees near by. The men were clad in 
deerskin trousers, moccasins, and blue 
homespun hunting shirts, with a belt 
at which hung a tobacco pouch made 
of pole-cat skin. The women wore- 
gowns of homespun cotton and calico J h « , p< : r,ion of Indiana shown , 

r in black was in possession of 

or gingham sun-bonnets. The country * e , Indians as ,ate as 1816 - 

13 "=» J Only the southern part of the 

folk came to town on horseback, the 8tatewas °p en for settlement. 




THE STORY OP INDIANA 27 

women sitting behind the men on the same horse." 
Great changes were now rapidly made in the state. 
The Indians gave up their claims to their land, most of 
them moving westward with the buffalos, and the entire 
state was open for settlement. In a very few years nearly 
every part of the state was occupied by settlers, who 
rapidly improved the country. 

The New Capital 

The people who lived in the northern part of the state 
soon found that the capital was so far away that they 
could not reach it without a great loss of time and much 
hardship. When they made their complaint loud enough, 
the legislature appointed three men to find a site for a 
new capital. They did the unexpected thing by locating 
it in the forests in the center of the state, and many people 
repaid their effort by declaring that they were crazy for 
doing so, for the place was sixty miles from the nearest 
villages, was a wet, malarious forest or "wilderness," and 
could be reached only by Indian trails. But the commis- 
sioners wanted to have the capital in the center of the 
state. They thought, also, that boats could run on White 
River and that the waterfall in Fall Creek would be large 
enough to turn all the "heaviest kinds of machinery." 
They were mistaken, however, for the little fall now is 
but a mere ornament in a park, and the river was not 
navigable. A single flatboat was coaxed up the stream 
in 1831, and was greeted by the people with cheers and 
shots from cannon, but it stayed only a few hours. While 
it was returning, its smokestack was scraped off by an 
overhanging tree limb and the boat itself ran on a sand- 
bar, where it lodged for six weeks. 

But the woods were cut down and the little village was 
started. Alexander Ralston, who helped to survey the 
city of Washington and knew how capitals should be built, 



28 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

planned the new city, giving it wide streets radiating 
from the center. Then the infant had to be named. Some 
suggested Tecumseh, but that name recalled past horrors ; 
others wanted "Suwarrow," but that did not seem agree- 
able ; and they finally called it Indiana-polis, the word 
"polis" meaning city. The plan of the city was one mile 
square. A sugar-maple grove stood on the site of the 
soldiers and sailors monument, and large forest trees had 
to be cut down to open Washington and other streets. 
The new city grew very slowly at first, even though it 
was the capital. In 1824 Samuel Merril, the Treasurer, 
brought the State papers from Corydon in a wagon and 
the government was "at home" in the new capital, very 
different from the great city into which it has so rapidly 
grown. 

Building of Canals and Roads 

But what a time the people had in getting to Indianap- 
olis ! There were no turnpikes, no plank roads, no canals 
in the state. Most of the roads were only trails through 
the forests, and often they were impassable for weeks or 
months. In driving a light wagon with but a scant load 
of furniture, it was often necessary to take out every piece 
of the load and carry it over the mud holes, while the 
horses could scarcely flounder through with the empty 
wagon. A judge tells this story of John Hagar, who 
hauled goods to Indianapolis from Madison : 

"As I was traveling one day on horseback through the 
woods, between Indianapolis and Connersville, near 
where Greenfield now stands, I heard a loud voice before 
me, some half mile off. My horse was wading through 
the mud and water, up to the saddle skirts. I moved 
slowly on, until I met John Hagar driving a team of four 
oxen, hauling a heavy load of merchandise, or store-goods, 
as he called it, from Cincinnati to Indianapolis, then in 
the woods. He had been fifteen days on the road, and it 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 29 

would take him three days more to get through. He 
stopped his oxen a few moments, but said he must move 
on, as they would be anxiously looking for him at Indian- 
apolis, as they were nearly out of powder and lead when 
he left, and they could not get more until he got there, as 
his was the only wagon that could get through the mud 
between Cincinnati and Indianapolis, and it was just as 
much as he could do. He hallooed to the oxen, plied the 
lash of his long whip, and the team moved on at the rate 
of a mile an hour — the wheels up to the hubs in mud. 
Such was John Hagar, and his teams, carrying the whole 
commerce between the Queen City and the Railroad City 
of the West at that early day." (U. H. Smith; in Early 
Indiana Trials.) 

Such roads meant t{i at the farmers could not make money, 
for they could not ship their products away. Corn sold 
for ten cents a bushel, butter for from three to eight cents 
a pound, eggs for five cents a dozen, and chickens for five 
cents apiece. A farmer saw very little money and could 
pay very little tax to help build improvements. 

But the people began to see that they must have roads, 
and they taxed themselves heavily to pay for them. They 
built corduroy roads by laying small logs across the road, 
side by side, but this was not satisfactory, for they jolted 
the driver dizzy and the logs broke or rotted. They spent 
thousands of dollars for plank roads, but the planks warped 
and rotted and broke . 

Then there came a new idea. The Erie canal had been 
opened, allowing western people to ship their products 
to New York, where they could sell at good prices. The 
Hoosiers who, although clad in deerskin and "linsey 
woolsey, " were up to date in ideas of progress, demanded 
that a canal be built from Lake Erie up the Maumee past 
Ft. Wayne to the Wabash and down that river. They 
voted money and contracted a debt so large that they 



30 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 




An Early Locomotive 



could not pay it off, but the canal was constructed. It 
was a great day when the canal was opened in 1834, and 
the residents joyfully greeted the first canal boats "hurry- 
ing" along at four miles an hour, for it meant that they 
were no longer an isolated backwoods people. 

But very lit- 
tle use was 
made of the ca- 
nal. The "iron 
horse, snorting 
steam from its 
nostrils like a 
dragon of old 
fairy stories," 
was beginning 
to try its pow- 
ers in the East. 
There began to be ,a demand for railroads in Indiana. 
The people of Indianapolis especially wanted railroads, 
that they might get out of the forests and trade with the 
rest of the country. The Legislature said, "Let there be 
railways," and railways were quickly built. The first 
railway, built in 1839-1847, ran from Madison to Indian- 
apolis. When the first train came in from Madison the 
people made it a gala day. "Immense crowds" came to 
town, and the governor made a speech from the top of a 
car (probably the first of its kind in the state.) Indian- 
apolis began to grow rapidly after that event and more 
roads were ordered built, for railroads were the life of 
that city. A little later another road was built between 
Indianapolis and Terre Haute. Since those days rail- 
ways have been built in every direction in Indiana until 
there are few localities more than twenty miles from a 
railway. Today Indianapolis is the largest interurban 
center in the world. 



THE STORY OF INDIANA 



31 



While the farms were being cleared, factories started, 
and cities and railroads built, the people of Indiana were 
interested in the war with Mexico and in the long con- 
tinued discussion of slavery. Indiana was a free state, 
but strange to say, she came very near to taking sides 
with the South against the North, because a very large 
percentage of her population were southern people. Had 
she done so, it is doubtful whether the North would have 
won the victory. 
Indiana lies be- 
tween Kentucky 
and Lake Michi- 
gan, and for that 
reason it forms a 
sort of bridge be- 
tween the North 
and the South, 
and at the same 
time it is a cross- 
road between 
the East and the 
West. Had the 
slavery people 
succeeded in oc- 
cupying it, they 
could have cut 
the East off from 
the West and 
could have made 
their way into 
the Great Lakes, where they might have done much to 
cripple the cities and the commerce of the lakes. But 
the South did not succeed in capturing the state. Gov- 
ernor Morton, Indiana's great "war governor," worked 
hard for the Northern cause, sending large numbers of 




Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Indianapolis. 



NOV 24 1913 

32 THE STORY OF INDIANA 

brave soldiers to the ranks and so conducting the gov- 
ernment of the state that the enemies of the North in her 
borders could not turn her in favor of the South. To 
tell any stories of Governor Morton or other friends of 
the state, or of the deeds of her soldiers in the field, 
or of the heroism of the men and women who remained 
at home and worked for the cause, is not possible in 
this little book. You can hear them from the lips of 
people who remember those days. 

After the war was over the soldiers returned peacefully 
and went to work upon the farms, or in factories and 
business houses, or helped to carry on the work of build- 
ing railroads and cities. The state then made great 
strides in prosperity. Cities grew so fast that, like some 
children, they seemed to suffer from growing pains. 
Many new factories came to Indiana. In 1889 somebody 
accidentally discovered the great gas wells, which prom- 
ised instant wealth, and people grew intensely excited 
about them. Thinking that the gas was inexhaustible, 
they let it burn above the wells in giant flambeaux which 
could be seen for miles around, and farmers allowed gas 
to burn in their stoves both day and night to save the 
trouble of turning it out. 

Indiana has been wasteful of her resources— heartlessly, 
ruthlessly wasteful. Her people have cut down and 
burned up millions and millions of dollars' worth of some 
of the finest timber trees in the world. They have waste- 
fully mined much coal and allowed the petroleum and 
natural gas to escape from the wells in unnumbered 
millions of barrels or cubic feet. They have killed off 
the game animals ; they are draining her beautiful lakes 
gems of azure set in her necklace of emerald, the beauty 
spots of the state ; they are wasting the precious soil that 
gives life to her millions of inhabitants and promises life 
to her future generations. 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATURE SERIES— Continued 



136 Peeps into Bird Nooks— I— McFee 

181 Stories of the Stars— McFee 

205 Eyes and No Eyes and the Three Giants 
History and Biography 
5 Story of Lincoln — Reiter 
56 Indian Children Tales— Bush 

78 Stories of the Backwoods— Reiter 

79 A Little New England Viking — Baker 

81 Story of DeSoto— Hatfield 

82 Story of Daniel Boone — Reiter 

83 Story of Printing— McCabe 

84 Stor3' of David Crockett — Reiter 

85 Story of Patrick Henry— Littlefield 

86 American Inventors — I (Whitney and 

Fulton) — Fan's 

87 American Inventors— II (Morse and Edi- 

son)— Far is 

88 American Naval Heroes (Jones, Perry, 

Farragut* — Bush 

89 Fremont and Kit Carson— Judd 

91 Story of Eugene Field— McLabe 

178 Story of Lexington and Bunker Hill. 

182 Story of Joan of Arc — McFee 

207 Famous Artists, II — Re\-nolds — Kurilio 
243 Famous Artists — III — Millet — Causton 
24S Makers of European History — White 
Literature 

90 Fifteen Selections from Longfellow — I 

(A Village Blacksmith, Children's 
Hour ami other poems) 

95 Japanese Myths and Legends — McFee 
103 vStories from the Old Testament — McFee 
in Water Babies (Abridged)— Kingsley 

171 Tolmi of the Treetops — Grimes 

172 Labu, the Little Lake Dweller — Grimes 
195 Night before Christmas and Other 

Christinas Poems and Stories. 

201 Alice's First Adventures in Wonder- 

land— Carroll 

202 Alice's Further Adventures in Wonder- 

land — Cart oil 

FIFTH YEAR 
Nature and Industry 

92 Animal Life in the Sea — McFee 

93 Story of Silk — Brown 

94 Story of Sugar — Reiter 

96 What We Drink (Tea, Coffee and Cocoa) 
139 Peeps into Bird Nooks, II— McFee 

210 Snowdrops and Crocuses — Mann 

280 Making of the World — Herndon 

281 Builders of the World— Herndon 
2S3 Stories of Time — Bush 
History and Biography 

16 Explorations of the Northwest 

80 Story of the Cabots— McBride 

97 Story of the Norsemen — Hanson 

98 Story of Nathan Hale — McCabe 

99 Story of Jefferson — McCabe 

100 Story of Bryant — McFee 

101 Story of Robert E. *L f tz—McKane 

105 Story of Canada — Douglas 

106 Story of Mexico — McCabe 

107 Story of Robert LouisSteveusou — Bush 
no Story of Hawthorne -McFee 

H2 Biographical Stories— Hawthorne 
141 Story of Grant— McKane 

144 Story of Steam — McCabe 

145 Story of McKiuley — McBride 

179 Story of the Flag— Baker 

190 Story of Father Hennepin — McBride 

191 Story of LaSalle— Afr/>V/VrV 

185 Story of the First Crusade— Mead 



217 Story of Florence Nightingale— McFee 
21S Story of Peter Cooper— McFee 
232 Story of Shakespeare— Grames 
287 Life in Colonial Days — Tillinghast 
Literature 

8 Kingofthe Golden River — Rusk in 

9 The Golden Touch — Haivthorne 
61 Story of Siudbad the Sailor 

108 History in Verse (Sheridan's Ride, In- 

dependence Bell, etc.) 

113 Little Daffydowndilly and Other Stories 

— Haivtliorue 
180 Story of Aladdin andof Ali Baba — Lewis 
183 A Dog of Flanders — De la Ramee 
1S4 The Nurnberg Stove — De la Ramee 
1S6 Heroes from King Arthur — Grames 
194 Whittier's Poems. Selected. 

109 Jackanapes— Ezcing 

200 The Child of Urbino — z^. la Ramee 
sc8 Heroes of Asgard — selections — Keary 
212 Story of Robin Hood — Bush 
234 Poems Worth Knowing — Book II— Inter- 
mediate — Faxon 

SIXTH YEAR 
Nature and Industry 
109 Gifts of the Forest (Rubber, Cinchona, 

Resin, etc.) — McFee 
Geography 

114 Great European Cities — I (Loudon and 

Paris)— Bush 

115 Great European Cities— II (Rome and 

Berlin — Bush 

168 Great European Cities— III (St. Peters- 
burg and Constantinople) — Bush 

247 The Chinese and Their "Country— Paul- 
son 

255 Story of Panama and the Canal 
History and Biography 

73 Four Great Musicians — Bush 

74 Four More Great Musicians— Bush 

116 Old English Heroes (Alfred, Richard the 

Lion-Heaited, The Black Prince) 

117 Later English Heroes (Cromwell, Well- 

ington, Gladstone)— Bush 
160 Heroes of the Revolution— Tristram 
163 Stories of Courage — Bush 

187 Lives of Webster and Clay— Tiistram 

188 Story of Napoleon— B ush 

189 Stories of Heroism— Bush 

197 Stor}- of Lafayette— Bush 

198 Stor}' of Roger Williams — Leightou 
209 Lewis and Clark Expedition- He% ndon 
224 Story of William Tell— Atallock 

256 Story of Slavery— Booker T. Washington 
246 What I Saw in Japan— Griffis 

509 Story of Georgia— Derry 

511 Story of Illinois — Smith 

512 Story of Indiana — Clem 

513 Story of Iowa — McFee 

520 Story of Kentucky — Eubank 

520 Story of Michigan— Ski inter 

521 Story of Minnesota— Skinner 
533 Story of Ohio— Galbteath 

536 Story of Pennsylvania— March 
547 Story of Wisconsin— Skinner 

Literature 

10 The Snow Image— Hawthorne 
n Rip Van Winkle— Irving 
12 Legend of Sleepy Hollow— Irv ing 
Continued on next page 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATUI 



22 Rab and His Friends — Brown 

24 Three Golden Apples — Haivthorne 

25 The Miraculous Pitcher — Hawthorne 

26 The Minotaur — Hawthorne 

118 Tale of the White Hills and Other 

Stories— Hawthorne. 

119 Bryant's Thanatopsis and Other Poems 

120 Ten Selections from Longfellow — (Paul 

Revere's Ride, The Skeleton in Armor 
and other poems) 

121 Selectious from Holmes 

122 The Pied Piper of Hamelin— Browning 

161 The Great Carbuncle, Mr. Higgin- 

botham's Catastrophe, Snowfiakes— 
Haivthorne 

162 The Pygmies— Hawthorne 
211 The Golden Fleece— Hawthorne 

222 Kiugsley's Greek Heroes— Part I. The 

Story of Perseus 

223 Kiugsley's Greek Heroes— Part II. The 

Story of Theseus 
225 Tenuysou's Poems— For various grades 
220, Responsive Bible Readings— Zeller 
284 Story of Little Nell— Smith 

SEVENTH YEAR 
Literature 

13 Courtship of Miles Standish 

14 Evangeline — Longfellow 

15 Snow Bound— IVhittier 
20 The Great Stone Face— Hawthorne 

123 Selections from Wordsworth 

124 Selectious from Shelley and Keats 

125 Selections from Merchant of Venice 
147 Story of King Arthur as told by Tenny- 
son— Hallock 

149 Man Without a Country, The— Hale 

192 Storj r of Jean Valjean — Grames 

193 Selections from the Sketch Book. 
196 The Gray Champion — Hawthorne 

213 Poems of Thomas Moore — Selected 

214 More Selections from the Sketch Book 
216 Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare— Sel'd. 
231 The Oregon Trail(Condensed from Park- 
man) — Grames 



235 Poei 

238 Lan 

239 Lan 

241 Stoi 

242 Stoi 



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014 751 231 4 



Literati 

17 EllOCn *». 

18 Vision of Sir Lauufal — Lozvell 

19 Cotter's Saturday Night— Burns 
23 The Deserted Village and Traveler— 

Goldsmith 

126 Rime of the Ancient Mariner 

127 Gray's Elegy and Other Poems 

128 Speeches of Lincoln 

129 Selections from Julius Ceesar 

130 Selections from Henry the Eighth 

131 Selections from Macbeth 

142 Scott's Lady of the Lake— Canto I 

154 Scott's Lady of the Lake— Canto II 

143 Building of the Ship and Other Poems — 
Lone fellow 

148 Horatius, Ivry, The Armada — Macau lay 

150 Bunker Hill Address — Selections from 
the Adams and Jefferson Oration — 
Webster 

151 Gold Bug, The— Foe 
153 Prisoner of Chillon and Other Poems — 

Byron 

155 Rhoecus and Other Poems — Lo?cell 

156 Edgar Allan Poe — Biography and .Se- 
lected Poems — Link 

158 Washington's Farewell Address and 
Other Papers 

169 Abram Joseph Ryan — Biography and 
Selected Poems — Smith 

170 Paul H. Hayne— Biographj' and Selected 
Poems — Link 

215 Life of Samuel Johnson — Macau lav 
221 Sir Roger <le Coverley Papers— Addison 

236 Poems Worth Knowing — IV — Advanced 
— Faxon 

237 Lay of the Last Minstrel — Scott. Intro- 
duction and Canio I 

Twelve or more copies sent prepaid at 60 cents per dozen or $5.00 per hundred. 
Price 5 Cents Each. Postage, 1 Cent per copy extra. Order by Number. 



EXCELSIOR Literature 

i Evangeline. Biography, introduction, 
oral and written exercises and notes. 10c 
3 Courtship of Miles Standish. With In- 
troduction and Notes 10c 

5 Vision of Sir Launfal. Biography, intro- 
duction, notes, outlines 10c 

7 Enoch Arden. Tennyson. Biography, in- 
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9 Great Stone Face. Hawthorne. Biog- 
raphy, introduction, notes, outlines. .10c 
11 Browning's Poems. Selected poems with 

notes and outlines for study 10c 

13 Wordsworth's Poems. Selected poem 
with introduction, notes and outlines. 10c 
i5Sohraband Rustum. Arnold. With in- 
troduction, notes and outlines 10c 

17 The Children's Poet. Study of Longfel- 
low's poetry for children, with poems 10c 
19 A Christmas Carol. Charles Dickens. 
Complete with notes 10c 



S^«-;^o ANNOTATED CLASSICS AND 
eries supplehentary readers 

21 Cricket en the Hearth. Chas. Dickens. 
Complete with notes 10c 

23 Familiar Legends. McFee. Old tales 
retold for young people 10c 

25 5ome Water Birds. McFee. Description, 
and stories of, Fourth to Sixth grades 1 0c 

27 Hiawatha. Introduction and notes. . 15c 

29 Milton's ninor Poems. Biography, in- 
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31 Idylls of the King. (Coming of Arthur, 
Gareth and Lyuette, Lancelot and Elaine. 
Passing of Arthur). Biography, introduc- 
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33 Silas Marner. Eliot. Biography, notes, 
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34 Same in cloth binding 30c 



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